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- How To Download Kernel Source For Android Phone
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- How To Change Kernel Android
May 27, 2013 How to Compile a Linux Kernel for Android 27 May 2013. Alternatively you can get a kernel from the Android source website. Download the kernel with git.
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Linux refers to the family of Unix-like computer operating systems using the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers, routers, and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is a leading server operating system, and runs the 10 fastest supercomputers in the world.
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, both commercially and non-commercially, by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its derivatives such as Ubuntu), Fedora and openSUSE. Linux distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting utilities and libraries to fulfill the distribution's intended use.
What's New:
- sparc64: fix ptrace interaction with forcesuccessfulsyscall_return()
- USB: fix port probing and removal in garmin_gps
- tcp: resets are misrouted
- usb: host: xhci: New system added for Compliance Mode Patch on SN65LVPE502CP
- amd64_edac:__amd64_set_scrub_rate(): avoid overindexing scrubrates[]
- pcmcia: sharpsl: don't discard sharpslpcmciaops
- USB: option: blacklist net interface on ZTE devices
- USB: option: add more ZTE devices
- SUNRPC: S.et alloc_slot for backchannel tcp ops
- USB: io_ti: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: io_ti: fix sysfs-attribute creation
- USB: cyberjack: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: iuu_phoenix: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: iuu_phoenix: fix sysfs-attribute creation
- USB: ark3116: fix NULL-pointer dereference
- USB: f81232: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: oti6858: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: belkin_sa: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: pl2303: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: ssu100: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: kobil_sct: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: cypress_m8: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: cp210x: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: spcp8x5: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: tiusb3410_5052: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: kl5kusb105: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: io_edgeport: fix port-data memory leak
- USB: keyspan_pda: fix port-data memory leak
Complete release notes can be found here.
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This page details the process of building custom kernels for Android devices. The following instructions guide you through the process of selecting the right sources, building the kernel, and embedding the results into a system image built from the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).
More recent kernel sources can be acquired using Repo and be built without further configuration by running
Note:The root of the kernel source checkout containsbuild/build.sh
from the root of your source checkout.build/build.sh
. The Android tree contains only prebuilt kernelbinaries. The kernel trees contain the kernel sources and all tools to buildthe kernels, including this script.For older kernels or kernels not listed below, refer to the instructions on how to build legacy kernels.
Downloading sources and build tools
For recent kernels, use
repo
to download the sources, toolchain, and build scripts. Some kernels (for example, the Pixel 3 kernels) require sources from multiple git repositories, while others (for example, the common kernels) require only a single source. Using the repo
approach ensures a correct source directory setup.Download the sources for the appropriate branch:
The following table lists the BRANCH names for kernels available through this method.
Device | Binary path in AOSP tree | Repo branches |
---|---|---|
Pixel 4 (flame) Pixel 4 XL (coral) | device/google/coral-kernel | android-msm-coral-4.14-android10-c2f2 |
Pixel 3a (sargo) Pixel 3a XL (bonito) | device/google/bonito-kernel | android-msm-bonito-4.9-pie-b4s4 |
Pixel 3 (blueline) Pixel 3 XL (crosshatch) | device/google/crosshatch-kernel | android-msm-crosshatch-4.9-pie-qpr2 |
Pixel 2 (walleye) Pixel 2 XL (taimen) | device/google/wahoo-kernel | android-msm-wahoo-4.4-pie-qpr2 |
Pixel (sailfish) Pixel XL (marlin) | device/google/marlin-kernel | android-msm-marlin-3.18-pie-qpr2 |
Hikey / Hikey960 | device/linaro/hikey-kernel | hikey-linaro-android-4.4 hikey-linaro-android-4.9 hikey-linaro-android-4.14 hikey-linaro-android-4.19 |
Beagle x15 | device/ti/beagle_x15-kernel | omap-beagle-x15-android-4.14 omap-beagle-x15-android-4.19 |
Beagle x15 | device/ti/beagle_x15-kernel | omap-beagle-x15-android-4.14 omap-beagle-x15-android-4.19 |
Android Common Kernel | N/A | common-android-4.4 common-android-4.9 common-android-4.14 common-android-4.19 common-android-mainline |
-u
parameter is optional. For example, to switch to common-android-mainline
from your existing Repo checkout, run:$ repo init -b common-android-mainline && repo sync
.Building the kernel
Then build the kernel with:
How To Download Kernel Source For Android Phone
Note: Common kernels are generic, customizable kernels and therefore don't define a default configuration. See Customize the kernel build to find out how to specify the build configuration for common kernels.The kernel binary, modules, and corresponding image are located in the
out/BRANCH/dist
directory.Running the kernel
There are multiple ways to run a custom-built kernel. The following are known ways suitable for various development scenarios.
Embedding into the Android image build
Copy
Image.lz4-dtb
to the respective kernel binary location within the AOSP tree and rebuild the boot image.Alternatively, define the
TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL
variable while using make bootimage
(or any other make
command line that builds a boot image). This variable is supported by all devices as it's set up via device/common/populate-new-device.sh
. For example:Flashing and booting kernels with fastboot
Most recent devices have a bootloader extension to streamline the process of generating and booting a boot image.
To boot the kernel without flashing:
Using this method, the kernel isn't actually flashed, and won't persistacross a reboot.
Note: Kernel names differ by device. To locatethe correct filename for your kernel, refer todevice/VENDOR/NAME-kernel
in the AOSP tree.Customizing the kernel build
The build process and outcome can be influenced by environment variables. Most of them are optional and each kernel branch should come with a proper default configuration. The most frequently used ones are listed here. For a complete (and up-to-date) list, refer to
build/build.sh
.Environment variable | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
BUILD_CONFIG | Build config file to initialize the build environment from. The location is to be defined relative to the Repo root directory. Defaults to build.config .Mandatory for common kernels. | BUILD_CONFIG=common/build.config.cuttlefish.x86_64 |
OUT_DIR | Base output directory for the kernel build. | OUT_DIR=/path/to/my/out |
DIST_DIR | Base output directory for the kernel distribution. | OUT_DIR=/path/to/my/dist |
CC | Override compiler to be used. Falls back to the default compiler defined by build.config . | CC=clang |
SKIP_MRPROPER | Skip make mrproper | SKIP_MRPROPER=1 |
SKIP_DEFCONFIG | Skip make defconfig | SKIP_DEFCONFIG=1 |
Custom kernel config for local builds
If you need to switch a kernel configuration option regularly, for example, when working on a feature, or if you need an option to be set for development purposes, you can achieve that flexibility by maintaining a local modification or copy of the build config.
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Set the variable POST_DEFCONFIG_CMDS to a statement that is evaluated right after the usual
make defconfig
step is done. As the build.config
files are sourced into the build environment, functions defined in build.config
can be called as part of the post-defconfig commands.A common example is disabling link time optimization (LTO) for crosshatch kernels during development. While LTO is beneficial for released kernels, the overhead at build time can be significant. The following snippet added to the local
build.config
disables LTO persistently when using build/build.sh
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Identifying kernel versions
There are two ways to identify the correct version to build.
Kernel version from AOSP tree
The AOSP tree contains prebuilt kernel versions. Most of the time the git log reveals the correct version as part of the commit message:
Kernel version from system image
Android Open Source Project Download
To determine the kernel version used in a system image, run the following command against the kernel file:
How To Change Kernel Android
For
Image.lz4-dtb
files, run: